A country with one city, all raw resources are transported from the outskirts/wilderness/villages to the capital city.
* There is land (miles) and goods to transport (quantity).
* You build railroad tracks (miles) and locomotives (quantity).
All transport not done via railroad is done via private owned stage coaches, mules, etc at a higher cost.
How to calculatate what percentage of your transport needs are fulfilled by the railroad system?
The simpliest model would be:
Railroad tracks determine what percentage of goods can be transported (so if your rails cover 50% of land you can transport only 50% of goods via railroad regardless of locomotives), each locomotive can transport 10 goods. In short, everything is linear.
This is bad from realism point of view (no range taken into account, the more land you have the more rails you need, because land is not arranged in one straight line, plus the distance the locomotive need to reach is far greater) and from gameplay point of view (it should be that a small country need almost no railroad since the resources are so near that they could carry it on their shoulders, while huge one should collapse without efficient roailrad system).